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Trebbiano is a white grape variety which originates from Italy, but has successfully migrated to various other European wine regions such as Bulgaria, Portugal and particularly France. There are also New World plantings in Argentina and Australia which are understood to have been introduced during patterns of Italian immigration. Trebbiano is known under a number wide range of synonyms; however Ugni Blanc and Clairette Ronde are amongst the most common. Despite being the most widely used white wine grape variety in the world's two most famous and prolific wine-producing nations (France and Italy), Trebbiano remains a relative obscurity to wine consumers. This is simply because the grape is used primarily for brandy production in France, and as an increasingly shunned blending component in Italy. Thus it is only rarely cited on labels, and never reaches the eyes or ears of the average wine buyer. Although used less and less as the twenty-first century progresses, Trebbiano is still permitted for use in many of Italy's 300+ DOCs, although it is typically used as a blending component rather than in varietal wines. The significant exceptions to this pattern are the 6 Italian DOC’s which cover varietal Trebbiano wines, the best-known of which is Trebbiano d’Abruzzo. It is most prevalent in Tuscany, where the grape was so widespread during the 20th century that wine authorities were forced to permit it as an ingredient in even the region's red wines, like Chianti. It is believed that Trebbiano was brought to France during the 14th century, when the papal court was established at Avignon (it was from this event that the name Chateauneuf du-Pape was derived, meaning roughly "the new seat of the Pope"). In subsequent centuries extensive plantings grew up all over the southern Rhone Valley, right down to the Mediterranean coast in Provence. It is in Cognac, however, that the variety has made its biggest impression, under the guise of Ugni Blanc and occasionally St. Emilion. Here, and in Armagnac, the variety is responsible for the world's most celebrated brandies. A classic Trebbiano table wine is crisp and refreshingly high in acidity. Typical tasting terms associated with the variety include references to citrus fruits, white floral notes (such as magnolia) and mineral components, depending on the terroir of origin. Sub-varieties of Trebbiano include Trebbiano Toscano, by far the most widely planted form of the vine, Trebbiano Veronese, Trebbiano Romagnolo, Trebbiano Giallo and Trebbiano della Fiamma. Despite their names, Trebbiano di Lugana and Trebbiano di Soave are not Trebbiano; they are in fact synonyms of Verdicchio, and, confusingly, Trebbiano d'Abruzzo (which has its own eponymous DOC) is a synonym of Bombiano Bianco.
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