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Colorado, one of the 50 United States of America, is located in the west of the central US, bordered by New Mexico to the south and Wyoming to the north. The state covers just less than 105,000 square miles (270,000 square km) and stretches between the northern latitudes of 37 and 41 degrees.
Colorado's vineyards are amongst the highest in the world, reaching altitudes of 7000ft (2135m) in the Rocky Mountains and rivaling even the famously lofty Andean vineyards of Argentina. Viticulture at this height produces wine with vibrant, intense colors and aromas, created by the intensity of the sunlight and high diurnal temperature variation. The state's West Elks AVA is home to the northern hemisphere's highest commercial winery, Terror Creek, located at 6400ft (1950m) above sea level.
The climate in Colorado is typically continental, with the nearest large bodies of water being well over 500 miles (800km) away. This results in warm, dry summers and cold winters (particularly in the higher areas), with the winters posing significant risks to less-hardy vines.
In the early 21st century there are around 100 Colorado wineries in various locations across the state, planted with a combination of well-known vinifera varieties as well as purpose-made hybrids designed to endure the harsh winters here. The majority of the vineyards are to be found in the Grand Valley, the first of the state's two AVAs, inaugurated in 1991.
Winemaking in Colorado dates back well over 100 years; wine production was first recorded here in the 1880s, and by 1909 the state was harvesting grapes from more than 1000 vineyards. This burgeoning industry was interrupted by the advent of Prohibition, which was adopted in Colorado in 1916 – four years earlier than many other US states. It was half a century before the first wineries began to reappear. The state's resurgent wine industry began to take off in the mid-1970s, when government-aided viticultural research was carried out by Colorado State University.
The better Colorado wines are made with such grape varieties as Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Riesling and Chardonnay.
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