The Limestone Coast GI (Geographical Indication) in South Australia is located in the southeastern corner of the state, bordering Victoria in the east. It is one of the most significant wine zones of the country, not only responsible for consistently producing some of the most highly acclaimed wines but also contributing almost one third of all quality wines produced in the state. Apart from the existing regions encompassed within the zone as listed individually in the table below, there are other high-potential areas like Mount Gambier, Bordertown and Penola awaiting their appellation status. It was recognized with the GI status in 1996.
Geologically unique, the common feature that unites its regions and in fact responsible for such high quality wines, is the soil. As the name suggests, limestone forms the basis of the soil here, best represented by the famous 'Terra Rosa' of Coonawarra. These are well-draining and rich in nutrients and are thought to be the single most important factor shaping up the wine styles of the zone. Unlike many other South Australian wine-producing areas, there is healthy layer of water table beneath its sub-soil which supplies most of its irrigation needs, vital due to the dry ripening season.
Limestone Coast's climate is cool maritime although the inland northeastern parts may experience some continental effects. Altitude does not have a major impact on the local climate as the grape-growing areas lie on lands not more than 492 ft (150 m). The lowest vineyards near Cape Jaffa are at an elevation of 33 ft (10 m). The vines are cooled by the sea breezes during summer resulting in cool to mild growing conditions with a slow and long ripening process. This extended hang time assists in the development of intensity of fruit flavors.
A wide range of grape varieties of both colors perform exceedingly well in the Limestone Coast but the red wines are of particular importance, none other than Cabernet Sauvignon which produces some of the most sought after wines. Shiraz and Merlot are the other prominent red grapes. The cooler parts of the zone are suitable for white varieties like Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling and Viognier.
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