The Livermore Valley AVA is part of the larger Central Coast wine region of California, located east of San Francisco Bay in Alameda County. Much of the valley is shielded by low hills from the fogs that roll in off the Pacific Ocean. Instead, the coastal influences here mostly take the form of cooling winds, which help to moderate the effects of warmer air coming from the Central Valley further inland. Because of the coastal winds, the western end of the valley is cooler, while further east it becomes warmer.
Livermore Valley’s well-drained, gravelly soils have long produced outstanding wines from the white Bordeaux varieties Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon, but as market trends have changed, so too have the types of grapes planted. Because of huge demand, Chardonnay is now the most common variety here, with increased plantings also of Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Zinfandel and Petite Sirah, which perform well on the valley's warmer sites.
Livermore Valley's long history of quality grape growing, dating back to the 19th century, is currently under threat from urban encroachment. Increasing land prices make it more profitable for grape growers to sub-divide their properties than continue tending their vines. However, wine stalwarts are holding firm. The Concannon Vineyard, which dates back to 1883, is a designated California Historical Landmark.